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По Материалам XIХ Международной научной конференции диатомологов «Диатомовые водоросли: фундаментальные и прикладные исследования», посвященной 120-летию со дня рождения А.П. Жузе Экология и биоиндикация Влияние сезонной изменчивости гидрологического режима на бета-разнообразие диатомовых водорослей перифитона в реках Дунайского бассейна
Русанов А.Г.1, Траберт Ж.2, Киш К.Т.2, Ач Е.2 Alexander G. Rusanov, Zsuzsa Trábert, Keve Tihamér Kiss, Éva Ács
1Институт озероведения РАН (Санкт-Петербург)
УДК 574.586
Проведен сравнительный анализ бета-разнообразия (пространственного изменения структуры сообщества) диатомовых водорослей перифитона под влиянием сезонной изменчивости гидрологического режима в реках бассейна Дуная. Весенние паводки после обильных осадков приводили к снижению видового разнообразия и выравненности с сопутствующим увеличением численности устойчивых к гидрологическому нарушению низкопрофильных диатомовых водорослей. Осенью в более благоприятных гидрологических условиях наблюдалось восстановление видового разнообразия и выравненности с увеличением обилия чувствительных к нарушению подвижных диатомовых. Анализ компонент дисперсии показал, что хотя факторы среды преобладали в оба сезона, пространственные переменные играли более важную роль весной, чем осенью. Анализ зависимости «дистанция-сходство» выявил, что весенние паводки сопровождаются значительным увеличением гомогенности видовой структуры между близлежащими станциями за счет эффекта чрезмерного расселения. При этом высокая неоднородность окружающей среды в условиях гидрологического нарушения приводит к быстрому изменению видовой структуры по пространственному градиенту. Осенью при слабом действии фильтра среды увеличивалась роль экологического дрейфа. Таким образом, сезонные изменения гидрологического режима влияют на баланс детерминистических и стохастических процессов в формировании бета-разнообразия диатомовых водорослей в речных условиях. Ключевые слова: диатомовые перифитона; метасообщество; расселение; экологический дрейф; фильтр среды; бета-разнообразие
The metacommunity theory, which considers spatial variation in community structure (that is, beta-diversity, Шитиков и др., 2011) as a result of interplay between deterministic and stochastic forces, explicitly encompasses ecological processes such as selection, dispersal and ecological drift (Vellend 2016; Леонов 2023). Environmental disturbance affects beta-diversity by altering the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in shaping the structure of ecological communities (Chase, Myers 2011). In this way, the interactive effect of disturbance with deterministic and stochastic processes can lead to the following scenarios. First, disturbance may lead to community homogenization by stimulating convergent niche selection of disturbance-tolerant species (Chase 2007). Thus, in the presence of disturbance, the community will be characterized by reduced beta-diversity because of a strong selective factor (Zhou et al. 2014). Second, when environmental stress is relieved and community becomes weakly structured by the environment, the role of stochastic forces (i.e., ecological drift) increases (Chase 2003), leading to increased compositional stochasticity (Zhou et al. 2014). Finally, differences in the dispersal rates of species, which may be correlated with sensitivity to disturbance, can also influence the balance between deterministic and stochastic processes that shape natural communities (Mouquet, Loreau 2003). Periphytic diatoms represent an ideal model community to investigate the role of deterministic and stochastic processes in controlling community structure of microorganisms, since they possess several excellent features. Firstly, lotic diatoms are sensitive to the influence of natural physical disturbance, such as seasonal high-flow events (e.g., Ács, Kiss 1993). Secondly, they have morphological, life-form and adhesion traits that provide resistance to high water phases and resilience following flow perturbations (Peterson, Stevenson 1992). Although much research attention has been devoted to the response of benthic diatom communities to seasonal hydrological fluctuations, our knowledge of the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes that vary with seasonal hydrological regime in shaping beta-diversity of lotic diatom metacommunities is still scarcely developed. In this study, our focus was on lotic periphytic diatoms categorized into three functional guilds: low-profile, high-profile and motile (Passy 2007). We focused on how seasonal changes in hydrology between high-flow (spring) and low-flow (autumn) periods influence the relative importance of deterministic (environmental factors) and stochastic (dispersal, drift) mechanisms structuring periphytic diatom communities, which were sampled in hilly streams of the Danube River basin. Variance partitioning analysis for the total community showed that environmental factors outperformed spatial variables in both seasons. Thus, periphytic diatom communities in the studied streams were mainly structured by environmental filtering rather than by dispersal-related processes. In turn, spatial variables played a more important role in spring than in autumn, indicating that dispersal processes were more important during high-flow period. When the variance partitioning was applied separately for each diatom guild, low-profile guild was the only diatom guild, for which spatial factors were more influential than environmental factors during high-flow period. The distance-decay analysis revealed that the relationships between structural dissimilarities and geographic distances were positive and stronger for spring than for autumn (i.e., lower intercept and higher slope). The lower intercept suggests that spring floods were accompanied by a significant increase in the homogeneity of community structure between nearby stations due to the effect of excessive dispersal. Whereas the higher slope indicates that high heterogeneity of the environment under hydrological disturbance conditions led to a rapid changes in community structure with spatial distance. Low-profile guild was characterized by the lowest intercept of the distance-decay relationship indicating that this guild was mainly responsible for homogenizing the total diatom community structure over short geographic distances. Therefore, in spring low-profile guild was strongly driven by dispersal, while high-profile and motile guilds were predominantly governed by environmental filtering. A null model approach based on the NST index indicated a strong stochastic influence on both spring and autumn diatom communities (NST > 0.50), but the influence of stochastic processes was higher in autumn (0.902) than in spring (0.817). Null models emphasize the potential importance of stochastic mechanisms that include random birth-death occurrence, i.e., ecological drift (Ning et al., 2019). Our findings that compositional stochasticity of lotic diatom community is reduced under high flow conditions are consistent with previous studies (Chase 2003; Chase, Myers 2011; Zhou et al. 2014), in which, following a disturbance, the drift probability is reduced, while environmental filtering is enhanced as the disturbance itself acts as a selective factor.
Funding. This study was carried out by the National University of Public Service within the framework of the Széchenyi Plan Plus program with the support of the RRF 2.3.1 21 2022 00008 project and as a part of the state assignment of the Institute of Limnology RAS (project No. FFZF-2024-0001). Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов, требующего раскрытия в данном сообщении.
Список литературы
Статья поступила в редакцию 18.06.2025
Об авторах Русанов Александр Геннадьевич – A.G. Rusanov кандидат биологических наук a_rusanov@yahoo.com Траберт Жужа – Zsuzsa Trábert Национальный университет государственной службы, Факультет водных наук, Кафедра наук о водной среде, Будапешт, Венгрия Петербург, Россия (Ludovika University of Public Service, Faculty of Water Sciences, Department of Aquatic Environmental Sciences, Hungary, Budapest) trabert.zsuzsa@uni-nke.hu Киш Кеве Тихамер – Keve Tihamér Kiss профессор, Национальный университет государственной службы, Факультет водных наук, Кафедра наук о водной среде, Будапешт, Венгрия Петербург, Россия (Ludovika University of Public Service, Faculty of Water Sciences, Department of Aquatic Environmental Sciences, Hungary, Budapest) kiss.keve.tihamer@uni-nke.hu Ач Ева – Éva Ács профессор, Национальный университет государственной службы, Факультет водных наук, Кафедра наук о водной среде, Будапешт, Венгрия Петербург, Россия (Ludovika University of Public Service, Faculty of Water Sciences, Department of Aquatic Environmental Sciences, Hungary, Budapest) acs.eva@uni-nke.hu
ССЫЛКА: Русанов А.Г., Траберт Ж., Киш К.Т., Ач Е. Влияние сезонной изменчивости гидрологического режима на бета-разнообразие диатомовых водорослей перифитона в реках Дунайского бассейна // Вопросы современной альгологии. 2025. № 1–2(37–38). С. 215–219. URL: http://algology.ru/2192 DOI – https://doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2025-1(37)-215-219 EDN – YJPRSS
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The influence of seasonal changes in hydrological regime on beta-diversity of periphytic diatoms in the streams of the Danube River Basin Alexander G. Rusanov1, Zsuzsa Trábert2, Keve Tihamér Kiss2, Éva Ács2 1Institute of Limnology RAS – SPC RAS (St. Petersburg, Russia)
A comparative analysis of beta-diversity (i.e., spatial variation in community structure) of periphytic diatoms under the influence of seasonal variability of the hydrological regime in the streams of the Danube River basin was carried out. In spring, high-flow events following heavy rainfall resulted in decreased species diversity and evenness with a concomitant increase in the abundance of disturbance-resistant low-profile diatoms. In autumn, benign hydrological conditions resulted in a recovery in species diversity and evenness with increased abundance of disturbance-sensitive motile diatoms. Variance partitioning analysis showed that although environmental factors dominated in both seasons, spatial variables played a more important role in spring than in autumn. The distance-decay of similarity analysis revealed that spring floods are accompanied by a significant increase in the homogeneity of community structure between nearby stations due to the effect of excessive dispersal. At the same time, high heterogeneity of the environment under hydrological disturbance conditions leads to a rapid change in community structure along the spatial gradient. In autumn, with a weak environmental filter, the role of ecological drift increased. Thus, seasonal changes in the hydrological regime affect the balance of deterministic and stochastic processes shaping beta-diversity patterns of periphytic diatoms in riverine conditions. Key words: periphytic diatoms; metacommunity; dispersal; ecological drift; environmental filter; beta-diversity
References
Authors Rusanov Alexander G. ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1597-0731 Institute of Limnology RAS – SPC RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia a_rusanov@yahoo.com Trábert Zsuzsa ORCID – https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4202-6481 Ludovika University of Public Service, Faculty of Water Sciences, Department of Aquatic Environmental Sciences, Budapest, Hungary trabert.zsuzsa@uni-nke.hu Kiss Keve Tihamér ORCID – https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6951-2079 Ludovika University of Public Service, Faculty of Water Sciences, Department of Aquatic Environmental Sciences, Budapest, Hungary kiss.keve.tihamer@uni-nke.hu Ács Éva ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-157X Ludovika University of Public Service, Faculty of Water Sciences, Department of Aquatic Environmental Sciences, Budapest, Hungary acs.eva@uni-nke.hu
ARTICLE LINK: Rusanov A.G., Trábert Z., Kiss K.T., Ács É. The influence of seasonal changes in hydrological regime on beta-diversity of periphytic diatoms in the streams of the Danube River Basin. Voprosy sovremennoi algologii (Issues of modern algology). 2025. № 1–2(37–38). P. 215–219. URL: http://algology.ru/2192 DOI – https://doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2025-1(37)-215-219 EDN – YJPRSS
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