№ 2 (9) 2015


Разнообразие водорослей и показателей среды в Арктических озерах Кольского полуострова, Русский Север 

Algal diversity and ecological variables in the Arctic lakes of the Kola Peninsula, Russian North

 

Денисов Д.Б.1, Баринова С.С.2

Dmitry B. Denisov, Sophia S. Barinova

 

1Институт проблем промышленной экологии Севера КНЦ РАН (г. Апатиты, Россия)
2Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa (Израиль)

 

УДК 582.0

 

В 48 Арктических озерах, расположенных в различных районах Кольского полуострова из 166 образцов фитопланктона и 82 образцов перифитона, собранных в период 2007-2010 гг., было выявлено 348 видов и разновидностей водорослей и цианобактерий из 7 таксономических отделов. Показатели среды также приводятся.

Ключевые слова: Арктические озера; разнообразие водорослей; качество воды; Кольский полуостров; Россия.

 

Introduction

The Arctic region is very important for its diversity study because represent stressed environment with long winters, constant low temperatures, extremes of irradiance and short vegetation periods. The algal diversity research in the Arctic region of European Russia are less advanced than in Canada (Michelutti et al., 2003), Greenland (Cremer et al., 2005a), and Asian Arctic (Cremer et al., 2005b; Kharitonov, 1993, 2010). At this initial stage we focused on diatom diversity of the European Russia Arctic lakes (Barinova, Stenina, 2013; Denisov, 2007, 2008a,b; Denisov, Kashulin, 2007; Kashulin et al., 2008; Stenina, Patova, 2000; Stenina, 2005a,b,c, 2009; Ylikörkkö et al., 2015) formed under strong climatic as well as variable anthropogenic impacts.

The present work was aimed at inventory of algal diversity in the Kola Peninsula lakes and its environmental variables. We intended to reveal trends of algal diversity under high-latitude climatic impacts which combined with anthropogenic impact.

Study area

Our study area (Fig. 1) is combined natural territories and falling under strong anthropogenic impact. Freshwater ecosystems of the Kola Peninsula and adjacent territories of Fennoscandia in the Murmansk region are characterized by specificity of the conditions of water quality formation, due to the peculiarities of the complex landscape and geographical factors and the dynamics of the climate system. In Figure 1 we are outlined the major river basins in the peninsula and here can be seen where each lake placed. Typical for region lakes are natural origin, ultrafresh, ultraoligotrophic with high transparency and low water primary production (Kashulin et al., 2008). Over the past 70-100 years of intensive industrial development and the development of social and transport infrastructure, water ecosystems of the Kola Subarctic undergone significant changes in the level of structural and functional organization (Kashulin et al., 2008). The most largest and important lake-river systems in the Kola Peninsula are the Imandra Lake that now is under impact of Kola Nuclear Station, industrial complexes OJSC «Apatite» and «Severonickel Combine» (Norilsk Nickel) of Kola Mining-Metallurgical Company as well as the Pasvik system that is under impact of the «Kovdorsky Mining and Processing Plant», OJSC, «Kovdorslyuda», Pechenganikel, and Olenegorsky Mining and Processing Plant. Special attention was paid to aquatic ecosystems are experiencing long-term human impact, including persistent objects integrated environmental monitoring.

 

 

Fig. 1. Sampling site of 48 studied lakes on the map of the Kola Peninsula.
White points – numbers of lakes as in Appendix 1. Blue lines – our outlining of catchment basins; toned – ecoregions (according Kalabin et al., 1999).

 

Sampling and laboratory studies

We studied 166 samples of phytoplankton and 82 samples of periphyton collected in 2007-2010 from 48 lakes placed in different regions of the Kola Peninsula and adjacent territories of Fennoscandia in the Murmansk region. Plankton samples were obtained in the summer period by using Ruttner 2.2 liter volume bathometer and Judy net with gas 75 (25 mesh) from the 0,5 m horizon and fixed in 4% formaldehyde. Periphyton samples were taken with scratching from the boulder surface. Non fixed and fixed samples were investigated in soft and permanent slides as well as in the Nageotte chamber with microscopes «Leitz Biomed», Motic BA 300 and «Carl Zeiss Jena NU 2E» at 400-1000x with the help of international guides (Dedussenko-Schegoleva, Hollerbach, 1962; Hollerbach et al., 1953; Komárek, Anagnostidis, 2001, 2005; Komarenko, Vasilieva, 1978; Krammer, Lange-Bertalot, 1986, 1988, 1991а,b; Matvienko, 1954; Moshkova, Hollerbach, 1986; Proshkina-Lavrenko, 1974; Tikkanen, 1986) and current taxonomic literature. The list of identified species was arranged alphabetically according to modern taxonomy cited in Guiry and Guiry (2015).

Water samples for hydrochemistry were taken in parallel with algal samples and analyzed in the Analytical Laboratory of the Institute of Ecology, Kola Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science with standard methods (Kashulin et al., 2008; Standard method…, 1975; Strickland, Parsons, 1972).

The ecological characteristics of the revealed species were obtained from the database compiled for freshwater algae from multiple analyses of algal biodiversity (Barinova et al., 2006) with additions (Bahls et al., 1984; Dell'Uomo, Torrisi, 2011; Kharitonov, 2010; Odland, Norway, 2005; Pankow, 1976; Salden, 1978; Soininen et al., 2004; Sreenivasa, Duthie, 1973; Ter Braak, Van Dam, 1989; Van Dam et al., 1994; Van de Vijver et al., 2004; Wåhlin, 1970; Whitmore, 1989) according to substrate preference, temperature, streaming and oxygenation, pH, salinity, organic enrichments, N-uptake metabolism, and trophic states.

 

Results and discussion

Environment

As can be seen in Appendix 1 (lakes are sorted by its latitude from south to north), the Kola Peninsula Arctic lakes have large amplitude of the depth from 0,1 to 37 m, lake surface from 0,11 to 66 km2, and catchment area from 0,2 to 3000 km2. The largest lakes are placed in the south-west and central part of peninsula. Studied lakes are of low temperature, salinity and usually circumneutral pH. Its water is low enriched by nutrients excluded the lakes Kovdor, Bolshoy Vudjavr, Verkhnee Staroe and Kahosero, but silica is rather presents. Nutrients are increased in the lakes which are placed near the Mining and Processing Plants and correlated with pH increasing. Kola Peninsula is different by morphometric diversity of lakes is from other Arctic areas like in Russian North (Barinova, Stenina 2013; Duff et al., 1999, Kharitonov, 2010) and the Central Canada (Rühland et al., 2003). The most of the studied lakes have high flowage.

Diversity

Altogether we found 348 species and infraspecific taxa of algae and cyanobacteria from 7 taxonomic divisions in 48 Arctic lakes in the Kola Peninsula (Appendix 2, Appendix 3). Bacillariophyta was prevailed, with followed Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria (Appendix 4). Species richness fluctuated from 7 species in the Pasvik Lake, Tyerebukta to 63 in the Dolgoe Lake. Taxonomic composition in the lakes fluctuated from on behalf contain of green and charophyte algae in the northern and southern parts of peninsula till enriched by dinoflagellates and euglenoids in the central part (lakes 16-42). Two waterbodies are enriched by cyanobacteria: the Soltajarvi Lake and Well 23. In two largest lakes green algae were diverse: Lake Bolshoy Vudjavr and Lake Imandra. Remarkably, the species richness as a whole is different on the northern and southern part of peninsula from the central part lakes, where placed major pollution sources.

Conclusion

Our results show that high algal diversity over the broad range of environmental variables and morphometry is evidence for the algal species being well adapted to the Arctic lakes habitats in the natural and anthropogenic environment of the Russian European Arctic.

Acknowledgements

This work has been partly funded by the Israel Ministry of Absorption.

 

Список литературы

1. Bahls L.L., Weber E.E., Jarvie J.O. Ecology and distribution of major diatom ecotypes in the Southern Fort Union coal region in Montana // Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1984. Vol. 1289. P. 1-151.

2. Barinova S., Stenina A. Ecological adaptation of diatoms in the Arctic lakes of the Kostyanoi Nos Cape (Nenezky Natural Reserve, Russian North) // Plant Biosystems. 2013. Vol. 147, №. 2. – P. 397-410.

3. Barinova S.S., Medvedeva L.A., Anissimova O.V. Diversity of algal indicators in environmental assessment. – Tel Aviv: Pilies Studio, 2006. – 496 p. (In Russian).

4. Cremer H., Bennike O., Kansson L.H., Hultzsch N., Klug M., Kobabe S., Wagner B. Hydrology and Diatom Phytoplankton of High Arctic Lakes and Ponds on Store Koldewey, Northeast Greenland // International Review Hydrobiology. 2005a. Vol. 90, №. 1. P. 84-99.

5. Cremer H., Wagner B., Juschus O., Melles M. A microscopical study of diatom phytoplankton in deep crater Lake El’gygytgyn, Northeast Siberia // Algological Studies. 2005b. Vol. 116. P. 147-169.

6. Dedussenko-Schegoleva N.T., Hollerbach M.M. Golden-green algae. Freshwater algae guide of USSR, 5. – Moscow-Leningrad: Nauka, 1962. – 272 pp.

7. Dell'Uomo A., Torrisi M. The Eutrophication/Pollution Index-Diatom based (EPI-D) and three new related indices for monitoring rivers: The case study of the river Potenza (the Marches, Italy) // Plant Biosystems. 2011. Vol. 145, №. 2. – P. 331-341.

8. Denisov D.B. Changes hydrochemical composition and diatom flora of sediments in the zone of influence of mining production (Kola Peninsula) // Water Resources. 2007. Vol. 34, №. 6. P. 719-730.

9. Denisov D.B. Mountain polar lakes development under polytypic environmental changes // Polar research – Arctic and Antarctic perspectives in the International Polar Year. Open science conference. (St. Perersburg, Russia, 8-11 July 2015). – St. Perersburg, 2008a. – P. 208.

10. Denisov D.B. The dynamics of algal communities of mountain subarctic waters // Ecological problems of the northern regions and their solutions: Proceedings of International Conference. Apatity, Kola Scientific Center RAS Press. – 2008b. – Vol. I. – P. 205-210.

11. Denisov D.B., Kashulin N.A. Environmental features of the functioning of different types of sub-arctic waters. 2007. URL: http://www.kolasc.net.ru/russian/sever07/sever07_1.pdf (access: 04.09.2015).

12. Duff K.E., Laing T.E., Smol J.P., Lean D.R.S. Limnological characteristics of lakes located across arctic treeline in northern Russia // Hydrobiologia. 1999. Vol. 391. P. 205-222.

13. Guiry M.D., Guiry G.M. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. 2015. URL: http://www.algaebase.org (access: 04.09.2015).

14. Hollerbach M.M., Kossinskaya E.K., Polyansky V.I. Cyanophyte algae. Freshwater algae guide of USSR, 2. – Moscow: Sovietskaya Nauka Press, 1953. – 654 p.

15. Kalabin G.V. Makarova T.D., Tikunov V.S. (Eds.). Ecological atlas of the Murmansk District. – Moscow-Appatity: The Institute of North Industrial Ecology, Kola Scientific Center RAS Press, 1999. – 48 pp.

16. Kashulin N.A., Denisov D.B., Sandimirov S.S., Dauwalter V.A., Kashulina T.G., Malinovsky D.N., Vandysh O.I., Ilyashuk B.P., Kudryavtseva L.P. The anthropogenic changes of aquatic systems of the Khibiny massif (Murmansk region). Vol. 1. – Apatity: Kola Scientific Center RAS Press, 2008. – 244 pp.

17. Kharitonov V.G. Summary of Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) flora of the Northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea. – Magadan: Institute of Biological Problems of the North Press, 2010. – 189 pp. (In Russian).

18. Kharitonov V.G. To flora of diatom algae of lake El’gygytgyn // Belyy V.F., Chereshnev I.A. (eds.). The nature of a hollow of the El’gygytgyn Lake. – Magadan: Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far-East Branch of the Russian Academy of Science Press, 1993. – P. 95-104. (In Russian).

19. Komárek J., Anagnostidis K. Cyanoprokaryota, Teil 1: Chroococcales. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa, 19/1. – Jena, Stuttgart, Lübeck, Ulm: G. Fischer, 1998. – 548 pp.

20. Komárek J., Anagnostidis K. Cyanoprokaryota, Teil 2: Oscillatoriales. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, 19/2. – München: Elsevier, 2005. – 759 pp.

21. Komarenko L.E., Vassilieva I.I. Freshwater green algae of the Yakutia waterbodies. – Moscow: Nauka, 1978. – 284 pp.

22. Krammer K., Large-Bertalot H. Bacillariophyceae. 3: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Bd. 2/3. – Stuttgart, Jena: Fischer, 1991a. – 563 pp.

23. Krammer K., Large-Bertalot H. Bacillariophyceae. Teil 1: Naviculaceae. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/1. – Stuttgart: Fischer, 1986. – 876 pp.

24. Krammer K., Large-Bertalot H. Bacillariophyceae. Teil 2: Bacillariophyceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/2. – Stuttgart: Fischer, 1988. – 596 pp.

25. Krammer K., Large-Bertalot H. Bacillariophyceae. Teil 4: Achnanthaceae. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/4. – Stuttgart, Jena: Fischer, 1991b. – 437 pp.

26. Matvienko A.M. Golden algae. Freshwater algae guide of USSR, 3. – Moscow: Sovetskaya Nauka Press, 1954. – 188 pp.

27. Michelutti N., Douglas M.S.V., Smol J.P. Diatom response to recent climatic change in a high arctic lake (Char Lake, Cornwallis Island, Nunavut) // Global and Planetary Change. 2003. Vol. 38. P. 257-271.

28. Moshkova N.A., Hollerbach M.M. Green algae. Class Ulotrichophyceae (1). Order Ulotrichales. Freshwater algae guide of USSR, 10(1). – Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. – 360 pp.

29. Odland A., Norway B. Oligotrophic and mesotrophic vegetation in southern Scandinavian mountains // Phytocoenologia. Vol. 35, №. 4. 2005. P. 985-1018.

30. Pankow H. Algenflora der Ostsee. 11. Plankton. – Jena: VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1976. – 493 pp.

31. Proshkina-Lavrenko A.I. (ed.). Diatom algae of the USSR (recent and living). Vol 1. – Leningrad: Nauka Press, 1974. – 403 pp.

32. Rühland K.M., Smol J.P., Wang X., Muir D.C.G. Limnological characteristics of 56 lakes in the Central Canadian Arctic Treeline Region // Journal of Limnology. 2003. Vol. 62, № 1. P. 9-27.

33. Salden N. Beiträge zur Ökologie der Diatomeen (Bacillariophyceae) des Süßwasserser. – Bonn: Decheniana Bh., 1978. – Vol. 22. – 238 pp.

34. Sreenivasa M.R., Duthie H.G. Diatom flora of the Grand River, Ontario, Canada // Hydrobiologia. 1973. Vol. 42, № 2-3. P. 161-224.

35. Standard methods for examination for water and wastewater. – NY: USA, 1975. – 1195 pp.

36. Stenina A.S. Diatom algae (Bacillariophyta) of plankton in the lakes of the Chabuyka River basin (Nenetsky Reserve) // News of systematics of the lower plants. – St-Petersburg: St-Petersburg University Press, 2009. Vol. 43. P. 82-98. (In Russian).

37. Stenina A.S. Diatom algae in plankton of the Kostyanoi Nos Cape (Nenetsky Reserve) // Botanical Journal, St-Petersburg. 2005a. Vol. 90, № 5. P. 669-681. (In Russian).

38. Stenina A.S. The first data about Bacillariophyta diversity in water bodies of Neruta River basin (Malozemel’skaya Tundra). // Biodiversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the Malozemel’skaya Tundra reserves and adjacent territories: Proceedings of the Komi Scientific Center. – Syktyvkar: Komi Scientific Center Press. – 2005c. – Vol. 176. – P. 5-20. (In Russian).

39. Stenina A.S. The first data about Bacillariophyta in phytoplankton of water bodies of the Russkiy Zavorot Cape (Nenetsky Reserve) // News of systematics of the lower plants. – St-Petersburg: St-Petersburg University Press, 2005b. Vol. 39. P. 99-109. (In Russian). 

40. Stenina A.S., Patova E.N. Noordhuis. Phytoplankton // Van Eerden M.R. (ed.). Pechora Delta. Structure and dynamics of the Pechora Delta ecosystems (1995–1999). RIZA report number 2000.037. – Lelystad: RIZA Institute for Inland Water Management, The Netherlands, – 2000. – P. 99-113, 289-308.

41. Strickland J.D.H., Parsons T.R. A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis // Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada. 1972. Vol. 167. P. 1-311.

42. Ter Braak C.J.F., Van Dam H. Inferring pH from diatoms: a comparison of old and new calibration methods // Hydrobiologia. 1989. Vol. 178. P. 209-223.

43. Tikkanen T. Kasviplanktonopas. – Helsinki: Suomen Luonnonsuojelum Tuki Oy, Forssa, 1986. –278 pp. (in Finnish).

44. Van Dam H., Martens A., Sinkeldam J. A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from the Netherlands // Netherlands Journal Aquatic Ecology. 1994. Vol. 28, №. 1. P. 117-133.

45. Van de Vijver B., Beyens L., Lange-Bertalot H. The genus Stauroneis in Arctic and Antarctic Regions // Bibliotheca Diatomologica. 2004. Vol. 50. P. 1-317.

46. Wåhlin I. Die Diatomeen des Latnjajaure. I. Die rezenten Bodendiatomeen // Archiv für Hydrobiologie. 1970. Vol. 67. P. 460-484.

47. Whitmore T.J. Florida diatom assemblages as indicators of trophic state and pH // Limnology and Oceanography. 1989. Vol. 34, № 5. P. 882-895.

48. Ylikörkkö J, Christensen G.N., Kashulin N., Denisov D., Andersen H.J., Jelkänen E. Environmental Challenges in the Joint Border Area // Reports 41. Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Lapland. – Kokkola: Juvenes Print, 2015. – 165 pp.

Статья поступила в редакцию 6.09.2015.

 

Algal diversity and ecological variables in the Arctic lakes of the Kola Peninsula, Russian North

Dmitry B. Denisov, Sophia S. Barinova

Altogether 348 species and infraspecific taxa of algae and cyanobacteria from 7 taxonomic divisions has been revealed in 166 samples of phytoplankton and 82 samples of periphyton collected in 2007-2010 from 48 lakes placed in different regions of the Kola Peninsula Arctic lakes. Environmental variables are also given.

Key words: Arctic lakes; Algal Diversity; Water quality; Kola Peninsula; Russia.

 

Об авторах

Денисов Дмитрий Борисович - Denisov Dmitry B.

кандидат биологических наук
Институт проблем промышленной экологии Севера КНЦ РАН, г. Апатиты, Мурманская область, Россия (INEP KSC RAS, Apatity, Murmansk region, Russia)

Баринова София Степановна - Barinova Sophia S.

кандидат биологических наук
Институт эволюции Хайфского университета, г. Хайфа, Израиль (Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel)

Корреспондентский адрес: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel. Tel: +972-4-824-9799, факс: +972-4-828-8235

 

ССЫЛКА НА СТАТЬЮ:

Денисов Д.Б., Баринова С.С.  Разнообразие водорослей и показателей среды в Арктических озерах Кольского полуострова, Русский Север // Вопросы современной альгологии. 2015. № 2 (9). URL: http://algology.ru/742

Denisov D.B., Barinova S.S. Algal diversity and ecological variables in the Arctic lakes of the Kola Peninsula, Russian North // Issues of modern algology. 2015. № 2 (9). URL: http://algology.ru/742

 

Уважаемые коллеги! Если Вы хотите получить версию статьи в формате PDF, пожалуйста, напишите в редакцию, и мы ее вам с удовольствием пришлем бесплатно.
Адрес - info@algology.ru
 

При перепечатке ссылка на сайт обязательна

 

К разделу СТАТЬИ

На ГЛАВНУЮ

Карта сайта








ГЛАВНАЯ

НОВОСТИ

О ЖУРНАЛЕ

АВТОРАМ

32 номера журнала

ENGLISH SUMMARY

ОБЗОРЫ И СТАТЬИ

ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ РАЗДЕЛЫ

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ
МАТЕРИАЛЫ


АКВАРИАЛЬНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ
И  ИХ  СОДЕРЖАНИЕ


КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ

АЛЬГОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СЕМИНАР

СТУДЕНЧЕСКИЕ РАБОТЫ

АВТОРЕФЕРАТЫ

РЕЦЕНЗИИ


ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ к журналу:


ОБЪЕКТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛИ И МОНОГРАФИИ

ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ АЛЬГОЛОГИЯ
СЕГОДНЯ


ИСТОРИЯ АЛЬГОЛОГИИ

КЛАССИКА
ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ АЛЬГОЛОГИИ


ПУБЛИКАЦИИ ПРОШЛЫХ ЛЕТ

ВЕДУЩИЕ АЛЬГОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ
ЦЕНТРЫ


СЕКЦИЯ  АЛЬГОЛОГИИ  МОИП

НАУЧНО-ПОПУЛЯРНЫЙ РАЗДЕЛ

СЛОВАРИ И ТЕРМИНЫ



НАШИ ПАРТНЕРЫ


ПРЕМИИ

КОНТАКТЫ



Карта сайта






Рассылки Subscribe.Ru
Журнал "Вопросы современной альгологии"
Подписаться письмом


Облако тегов:
микроводоросли    макроводоросли    пресноводные    морские    симбиотические_водоросли    почвенные    Desmidiales(отд.Сharophyta)    Chlorophyta    Rhodophyta    Conjugatophyceae(Zygnematophyceae)    Phaeophyceae    Chrysophyceae    Диатомеи     Dinophyta    Prymnesiophyta_(Haptophyta)    Cyanophyta    Charophyceae    бентос    планктон    перифитон    кокколитофориды    Экология    Систематика    Флора_и_География    Культивирование    методы_микроскопии    Химический_состав    Минеральное_питание    Ультраструктура    Загрязнение    Биоиндикация    Размножение    Морфогенез    Морфология_и_Морфометрия    Физиология    Морские_травы    Использование    ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛИ    Фотосинтез    Фитоценология    Антарктида    Японское_море    Черное_море    Белое_море    Баренцево_море    Карское_море    Дальний_Восток    Азовское_море    Каспийское_море    Чукотское_море    КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ    ПЕРСОНАЛИИ    Bacillariophyceae    ИСТОРИЯ    РЕЦЕНЗИЯ    Биотехнология    Динамические_модели    Экстремальные_экосистемы    Ископаемые_водоросли    Сезонные_изменения    Биоразнообразие    Аральское_море    первичная_продукция    Байкал    молекулярно-генетический_анализ    мониторинг    Хлорофилл_a    гипергалинные_водоемы    сообщества_макрофитов    эвтрофикация    инвазивные_виды    

КОНТАКТЫ

Email: info@algology.ru

Изготовление интернет сайта
5Dmedia

ЛИЦЕНЗИЯ

Эл N ФС 77-22222 от 01 ноября 2005г.

ISSN 2311-0147